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A new clock that analyzes the age of the immune system may be the next big thing in aging biomarkers.

Measuring the age of your immune system

As we age, our immune systems begin to decline due to many factors, including the thymus shrinking and producing ever-fewer T cells, the ever-increasing chronic inflammation called “inflammaging”, dysfunctional immune cells doing more harm than good, and a lifetime of microbial burden taking its toll. This gradual decline of the immune system is known as immunosenescence.

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Humans may one day have the ability to regrow limbs after scientists at Harvard University uncovered the DNA switch that controls genes for whole-body regeneration.

Some animals can achieve extraordinary feats of repair, such as salamanders which grow back legs, or geckos which can shed their tails to escape predators and then form new ones in just two months.

Planarian worms, jellyfish, and sea anemones go even further, actually regenerating their entire bodies after being cut in half.

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In 2015, in a secret medical procedure carried out in Bogota, Colombia, the 44-year-old woman got dozens of experimental gene-therapy injections. Why? Because Parrish, the creator of a longevity company called BioViva, believes that science is on the cusp of delivering radically longer lifespans—and she wants to help bring on the revolution.

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Today, we want to point out a new study suggesting that senescent cells in bone marrow cell populations contribute to the decline of the hematopoietic system, particularly the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that live in the bone marrow and produce our blood cells [1].

The hematopoietic system and immunosenescence

The hematopoietic system is the system of organs and tissues, including the bone marrow, spleen, thymus and lymph nodes, involved in the creation of cellular blood components.

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A collaboration between online technology company Enjin and the SENS Research Foundation has just been announced with the bold plan to mobilize a community of 20 million video gamers to help fight aging.

Enjin is a cryptocurrency and online video game company with a plan to change how donors and charities interact in a bid to make fundraising for globally important causes more effective.

This collaboration with SENS Research Foundation is the first program on the road to this goal. The project is essentially gamifying the fundraising experience to make it more fun and engaging for donors. To achieve this, donors get rewards for their donations in the form of blockchain-based collectibles known as “non-fungible tokens” (NFTs).

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Thirty-three older adults between the ages of 58 and 95 applied the cream all over their bodies twice a day for 30 days. After a month, the researchers measured blood levels of three cytokines—interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha—that have all been implicated in age-related inflammatory diseases. Using the cream reduced the amount of all three cytokines compared to both the participants’ levels before using the cream and the levels of similarly aged adults who did not use the cream. In fact, using the cream lowered participants’ cytokine levels to be nearly equivalent with people in their 30s, suggesting that rejuvenating the skin can reverse “inflamm-aging.” The cream also improved skin hydration, lowered pH, and repaired the permeability barrier.


Skin is the body’s largest organ, and scientists at UC San Francisco and the San Francisco Veterans Administration (VA) Health Care System think it may be to blame for body-wide inflammation linked to numerous chronic diseases of aging. The good news is that properly caring for the skin with a moisturizing cream may lower inflammation levels and potentially prevent age-related diseases, according to a new clinical pilot study.

Two people holding coffee. As humans get older, we experience a low-level of inflammation—dubbed “inflamm-aging”—driven by an increase in molecules in the blood called cytokines. This age-related inflammation has been linked to serious chronic diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Scientists initially thought that the inflammation stemmed from the immune system or the liver, but a group of dermatologists at UCSF have a different theory.

“The inflammation must come from an organ big enough that very minor inflammation can affect the whole body. Skin is a good candidate for this because of its size,” said study senior author Mao-Qiang Man, MD, a research scientist in the UCSF Department of Dermatology, who is based at the San Francisco VA Health Care System and is also a visiting professor at Southern Medical University in Guangzhou, China. “Once we get old, we have dermatological symptoms like itchiness, dryness, and changes in acidity. It could be that the skin has very minor inflammation, and because it’s such a large organ it elevates circulating cytokine levels.”

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Dr. Snyder is Director of the Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine at Sanford-Burnham Medical Discovery Institute.

“Evan needs no introduction to anyone who works in regenerative medicine; he has been at the pinnacle of that field for decades. I’ve been delighted that SENS Research Foundation has been able to work closely with him over the past few years, especially in the form of his annual hosting of some of our outstanding summer interns — he doesn’t even vet them himself anymore, because he knows how stellar our recruits invariably are! I’m intensely proud to have such a titan of our field on the Undoing Aging program”, says Aubrey de Grey.

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