There’s no doubt that the digital computation of intelligence has yielded impressive results, including the variety of deep neural network architectures that are powering applications from computer vision to natural language processing. But despite the similarity of their results to what we perceive in humans, what they are doing is different from what the brain does, Raghavachary says.

The “considered response” theory zooms back and casts a wider net that all forms of intelligence, including those that don’t fit the problem-solving paradigm.

“I view intelligence as considered response in that sense, emanating from physical structures in our bodies and brains. CR naturally fits within the S->P paradigm,” Raghavachary said.